Probiotics in Aquaculture

The use of probiotics is one of the effective immunological\r\ncontrol methods in aquaculture, which is considered a complementary,\r\nalternative strategy for vaccines and chemicals.

Probiotics in aquaculture act as a nutrient growth promoter,\r\nimmune stimulant, enhance environmental adaptability, and can be considered as\r\na preventive measure. infectious diseases again.

Some probiotics currently used in aquaculture,\r\nincluding Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, Aeromonas, Alteromonas,\r\nArthrobacter, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Microbacterium, Paenibacillus,\r\nPhaeobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, Rhodosporidptium, Rose Vibrio.

Why probiotics have a good effect?

The beneficial microorganisms in the intestine will limit\r\nthe adhesion and penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the digestive tract\r\n(GI). Substances produced by probiotics can also act as antagonists or\r\ncontribute enzymes to the digestive system.

In addition, probiotics compete with iron against pathogenic\r\nbacteria. For pathogenic bacteria, the ability to acquire iron is critical\r\nto survival in hosts, many genes involved in iron absorption are linked to\r\nbacterial virulence, when iron levels are low, micro bacteria can produce\r\ntoxins that kill the host cell for iron.

Siderophores - substances with low molecular weight produced\r\nby probiotics or beneficial intestinal endocrine - reduce the existence of iron\r\nfor pathogenic bacteria, because siderophores have a high affinity for iron\r\nions , some bacteria have receptors with the siderophore of other bacteria and\r\ntake their iron.

Another approach is to improve immunity, increase macrophage\r\nactivity and antibody levels. Probiotics that can enhance host immunity\r\nand resistance to fish and shrimp disease have received a lot of attention over\r\nthe past decade. In particular, lactic acid bacteria (Lactic acid\r\nbacteria) and Bacillus strains are used frequently, they\r\nstimulate the innate immune response and improve the ability to fight\r\ninfections against pathogenic bacteria. Finally, improving the quality of\r\nwater in ponds through the preparation of internal microbiota, improving the\r\nphysical and chemical parameters of water and controlling pathogens.

Use probiotics effectively

The use of probiotics depends on a number of factors,\r\nessentially including yeast strains, dosage level, supplement form and duration\r\nof application.

Choose suitable yeast strains

The selection of potential probiotics strains is based on a\r\nvariety of criteria, such as mucus growth, acid and bile tolerance, survival in\r\ngastric juice, production of extracellular enzymes, production of\r\nanti-oxidants. germs, inhibit the growth of pathogens and biosecurity\r\n(hemolytic activity and susceptibility to antibiotics). Adhesion to the\r\nintestinal mucosa is considered an important selection criteria and a\r\nprerequisite for the long-term effects of probiotics.

In addition to probiotics, paraprobamel (cell wall\r\ncomposition) may also play a role as an alternative to the use of antibiotics\r\nin the prevention and treatment of infections caused by pathogens. Both\r\nprobiotics and paraprobamel can bind directly to pathogenic bacteria, limiting\r\nthe adhesion and penetration of pathogens into intestinal cells.

Take by diet or bath

Supplementing to the diet is the most common management\r\nmethod. Typically, probiotics are applied to feeds in the form of\r\nfreeze-dried cultures, sometimes mixed with lipids to add as a supplement. Probiotics\r\ncan also be added to the entire tank or pond water.

For fish larvae and shellfish, live food (eg artemia) has\r\nbeen shown to be an effective probiotic carrier.

Combining many strains of microorganisms

In the past, most of the research on probiotics in\r\naquaculture was used in a limited way, but now the incorporation of probiotics\r\nin the diet for aquatic animals has become universal. Out.

The advantage of multifaceted preparations is that they work\r\nwell in a wide range of conditions, as well as work with many cultured species.

Use inactivated bacteria or spores

Spore status is a structure made up of several bacterial\r\ngenera and fights against many environmental factors or bacterial\r\ninfluences. Spores help bacteria survive by countering extreme changes in\r\ntheir habitat, including extreme temperatures, lack of moisture / drought or\r\nexposure to chemicals and radiation. Spores of probiotics have a positive\r\neffect on regulating the immune system, restoring the balance of intestinal\r\nmicroflora. Bacterial spores can also exist at low nutrient levels.

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In summary , probiotics are effective because the\r\nintestinal microflora depends on the interaction ability of microorganisms in\r\nthe digestive system, thereby affecting inflammation, metabolism and immunity. Although\r\nwe cannot conclude whether probiotics are better than immune stimulants or\r\nvaccines, their beneficial effects on the host and the environment are\r\nundeniable. This is one of the most potential methods today to boost\r\nimmunity, reduce the negative impact from the environment and\r\nhelp control disease in farmed shrimp and fish.

Source: Tepbac